“Justice, justice you shall pursue.” (Deuteronomy 16:20)
Leadership, truth, and integrity in the face of modern manipulation.
Parashat Shoftim establishes the social and ethical architecture of the people of Israel. It outlines the four pillars of leadership: the judge, the king, the priest, and the prophet. Through its verses, the Torah warns us against the dangers of idolatry, the occult, and false rumors, while regulating warfare, preserving human life, and establishing a judicial system with strict guarantees.
1. Justice and the Appointment of Authorities
The appointment of judges (Shoftim) and officers (Shotrim) is commanded in every city to guarantee impartial justice.
“You shall not pervert justice; you shall not show partiality, nor take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous. You shall follow justice and justice alone, that you may live and inherit the land which the LORD your G-d is giving you.” (Deuteronomy 16:19-20)
Who chooses them?
Local authorities were appointed with the participation and consensus of the community of each tribe.
The Condition of the Ruler: Identity, Roots, and the Moral Debt to the Creator
In Parashat Shoftim, the Torah establishes an indispensable safeguard for the survival of a nation:
“You shall set a king over you whom the LORD your G-d chooses; one from among your brethren you shall set as king over you; you may not set a foreigner over you, who is not your brother.” (Deuteronomy 17:15)
This restriction does not stem from prejudice, but from a profound wisdom regarding the human condition and the exercise of power. What does it truly mean for a city or a nation to choose its rulers? It means entrusting them with life, justice, the defense of truth, and the moral destiny of the community.
When the biblical text demands that the leader be “from among your brethren,” it sets forth two non-negotiable conditions:
1- A Shared Destiny: A ruler must be someone whose roots, history, and loyalty are inextricably bound to the land and the people they seek to lead. Anyone who has not grown up with the pain, heritage, and trials of a nation will hardly feel the pain of the citizen when violence or injustice strikes.
2- Subordination to Divine Law: The king was required to write a copy of the Torah for himself and read it all the days of his life to learn to fear the Creator, ensuring he would never feel above the Law nor pervert justice.
The Collapse of Modern Leadership: Expediency and Forbidden Alliances
What we witness on the global stage today—from the Israeli parliament to local governments in the United States or legislative institutions in South America—is an absolute disregard for this ancestral mandate:
Silence in the Face of Violence: In legislatures where laws governing citizens’ lives are enacted, we see representatives maintaining a complicit silence before heartless attacks against innocent civilians—men, women, the elderly, and children. When a leader remains silent before the shedding of defenseless blood out of ideological or nationalistic affinity, they break the sacred covenant of justice and trample human dignity.
Alliances of Political Expediency: We see the arrival to power of newly settled figures who, ignorant or contemptuous of the moral and spiritual foundations of a society, seek the easy vote by aligning with agendas that turn their backs on the Creator and essential ethical values. Morality is traded for votes, and the leadership of cities is handed over to those with no real commitment to faith or the integrity of the people.
Accelerated Roots Without Moral Loyalty: In various parts of the world, positions of immense representative responsibility are granted to individuals with barely a few years of residence, without having demonstrated true integration, empathy, or historical loyalty to the land that welcomes them.
Moses’ Warning to the People:
If the voice of biblical leadership were to stand before congregations and nations today, its call would resound without ambiguity:
“How do you expect someone who does not love your house as a brother to care for it? How do you expect justice from someone who does not fear the Creator nor respect the life of the innocent? You have exchanged the wisdom of the Law for the convenience of the moment, handing the staff of command to strangers who ally with immorality to gain power. If the ruler does not carry the Law in his heart nor share your blood and destiny, your city will fall into confusion and your rights will be perverted.”
2 . The Abomination of the Occult: Spiritual Collapse in Leadership
In Shoftim, the Torah does not merely suggest or qualify; it categorically forbids the entire spectrum of the occult arts:
“There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, or one who practices witchcraft, or a soothsayer, or one who interprets omens, or a sorcerer, or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead. For all who do these things are an abomination to the LORD.” (Deuteronomy 18:10-12)
This warning is not coincidental. In ancient times, neighboring kings and nations sought in witchcraft, divination, and sorcery a shortcut to manipulate destiny, gain power, or subdue others without passing through the filter of moral uprightness.
Today, in the 21st century, we witness the same phenomenon on an alarming scale. Rulers, business leaders, politicians, and citizens turn to sorcery and spiritism seeking control and dark influence. However, the most painful betrayal comes not from the naive who never opened Scripture, but from those exercising leadership roles within congregations. It is devastating to see religious leaders—who ought to be beacons of holiness and faith in the Creator—descending into the same pagan practices of manipulating energies, binding wills, or consulting the forbidden.
Even the prophet Ezekiel bitterly denounced this degradation when the Creator exposed those who sought to hunt the souls of the people through hidden arts:
“Thus says the Lord G-d: ‘Woe to the women who sew magic charms on their sleeves and make veils for the heads of people of every height to hunt souls! Will you hunt the souls of My people, and keep yourselves alive?’” (Ezekiel 13:18)
The Torah reminds the people that their relationship with the Eternal is built on trust and integrity (Tamim tehiye im Hashem Elohecha — “You shall be blameless before the LORD your G-d”). Turning to the shadows to manipulate the lives of others, or to seek shortcuts to power, is an absolute renunciation of true faith. Anyone who leads in the name of G-d yet resorts to the occult profanes the Sanctuary and perverts their calling.
3. Slander and Defamation: The Poison of the Tongue and Scrupulous Judgment
The pillar where the Torah demands unyielding severity is the protection of honor and truth against slander and false rumors (Lashon Hara).
The Torah establishes a strict judicial procedure before issuing any verdict or giving credence to an accusation:
“If a false witness rises against any man… then the judges shall make diligent inquiry; and indeed, if the witness is a false witness who has testified falsely against his brother, then you shall do to him as he thought to have done to his brother; so you shall put away the evil from among you.” (Deuteronomy 19:16-19)
A single witness has no validity to condemn anyone. Thorough inquiry, cross-examination of evidence, and the coherent testimony of two or three impartial witnesses are required.
Contemporary reality shows a painful departure from this standard. In what many call the “day of gathering,” it has become an unpunished habit to use sacred spaces not to build up, but to gossip and destroy the honor of the absent. People cloaked in piety spread unverified rumors, judging and condemning without having conducted a scrupulous investigation.
This betrayal cuts to the depths of the soul. It is the same experience of heartbreak King David expressed when he wrote:
“For it is not an enemy who reproaches me; then I could bear it… But it was you, a man my equal, my companion and my familiar friend. We took sweet counsel together, and walked to the house of G-d in the throng.” (Psalm 55:12-14)
And it is the same pain reflected in Scripture when recalling how, in moments of trial, even one’s own flesh and closest companions can turn their back to appease rumor or hasty judgment.
Reflection for today:
In the age of instant technology, a false rumor spreads in seconds, ruining reputations, honor, families, and innocent lives without ever having passed through the filter of truth.
The Torah does not leave slander unpunished: by applying the law of reciprocity, it teaches that inventing a lie against a brother is equivalent to seeking to inflict that very damage with your own hands. Reclaiming the mandate of scrupulous investigation and eradicating defamation from our communities is not a procedural suggestion; it is a moral requirement for survival against the culture of media lynching.
4. The Prophet: Agent of Hope, Not Fatalism
Historically, prophets (from Samuel to the Second Temple period) confronted power. They spoke to kings with courage, questioned priests, and rebuked society without fear of censure.
To distinguish a true prophet from a fortune teller or a catastrophist:
A fortune teller or astrologer claims to predict an inevitable destiny.
A true prophet does not predict so that something happens, but to warn and avert tragedy (as in the story of Jonah in Nineveh).
If a prediction of punishment comes to pass, the prophecy failed in its transformative purpose; if the people repent and the punishment does not arrive, the prophecy triumphed. The true prophet is an agent of change and hope.
This reveals a supreme truth: the Eternal is good and deeply loves His creation. He does not send the prophet to condemn, but out of mercy, always offering a way out before judgment. Jonah understood this when, overwhelmed, he confessed to the Creator the reason for his initial flight to Nineveh:
“For I know that You are a gracious and merciful G-d, slow to anger and abundant in lovingkindness” (Jonah 4:2).
Jonah knew the warning was not a death sentence, but the manifestation of divine love seeking forgiveness and the restoration of the people. The true prophet is, in essence, an agent of the Eternal’s goodness and hope.
5. The Cities of Refuge (Arei Miklat)
To protect the unintentional manslayer from the vengeance of the victim’s family, the Torah commands the creation of six Cities of Refuge (three on each side of the Jordan River), connected by clearly marked and unobstructed roads.
Historical Basis and Impact:
The biblical concept of the Arei Miklat is the direct historical precursor to the right of asylum in contemporary international law. The modern concept of “sanctuary cities” or refuge zones (used in various countries for the humanitarian protection of persecuted individuals) draws from this very logic: guaranteeing due process and protecting life against arbitrary violence.
6. The Ethics of War and Peace Offers
Even in the context of warfare, the Torah imposes strict limits that move the heart with their human sensitivity:
Mandatory Peace Offer: Before laying siege to a city, offering terms of peace is obligatory (Deuteronomy 20:10).
Military Exemptions: Exempt from battle are those who have just built a house, planted a vineyard, or become engaged, as well as those who are fearful or fainthearted, so as not to demoralize the troops.
Preservation of Nature: Cutting down fruit-bearing trees during a siege is forbidden. “Is the tree of the field a man, that it should be besieged by you?” (Deuteronomy 20:19).
Current Perspective:
In a turbulent world—where heartbreaking conflicts like the war between Russia and Ukraine display surrender demands perceived as ultimatums—the Torah reminds us that true diplomacy does not seek excessive subjugation, but a just peace that respects human life and preserves resources for future generations.
7. Community Responsibility and the Sanctity of Life
The parashah concludes with the ritual of the Egla Arufa (the heifer whose neck is broken). When a murdered person was found in an open field and the culprit was unknown, the elders of the nearest city were required to wash their hands and declare:
“Our hands have not shed this blood, nor have our eyes seen it. Provide atonement for Your people Israel…” (Deuteronomy 21:7-8)
The sages explain that this declaration was not an evasion, but an assumption of responsibility: the community had to certify that they had not let that person go without food, shelter, or protection.
In our cities today, where technology logs high crime rates yet often fails to prevent impunity, this precept demands a profound commitment. Society as a whole and its places of worship cannot remain indifferent to the loss of a life. It reminds us that security, truth, and the sacred value of human life are a responsibility shared by the entire community.
